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Fatal insomnia is an extremely rare neurodegenerative prion disease that results in trouble sleeping as its hallmark symptom. [2] The majority of cases are familial ( fatal familial insomnia [FFI]), stemming from a mutation in the PRNP gene, with the remainder of cases occurring sporadically ( sporadic fatal insomnia [sFI]).
Differential diagnosis: Delayed sleep phase disorder, restless leg syndrome, sleep apnea, psychiatric disorder [4] ... Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, ...
The diagnosis requires the following assumptions : [41] [42] [6] There is an insomnia or/and an excessive sleepiness with a reduction of total sleep time, all combined with an overlap of work period occurring during the habitual sleep time. The presence of these symptoms has lasted for at least 3 months and are associated with the shift work ...
Furthermore, pediatric diagnoses are not distinguished from adult diagnoses except for sleep-related breathing disorders. [8] In addition, significant changes have been made in the nosology of insomnia, narcolepsy and parasomnia. Primary vs. secondary (i.e. comorbid) insomnia has been reunited into a single disorder: chronic insomnia.
Diagnoses of sleep disorders are based on self-assessment questionnaires, clinical interview, physical examination and laboratory procedures. The validity and reliability of various sleep disorders are yet to be proved and need further research within the ever-changing field of sleep medicine .
Differential Diagnosis – This section describes disorders with similar symptoms. Diagnostic Criteria – This section has the criteria that can make a clear-cut diagnosis. Minimal Criteria – This section is used for general clinical practice and is used to make a provisional diagnosis.
Insomnia disorder (primary insomnia), chronic difficulty in falling asleep or maintaining sleep when no other cause is found for these symptoms. Insomnia can also be comorbid with or secondary to other disorders. Kleine–Levin syndrome, a rare disorder characterized by persistent episodic hypersomnia and cognitive or mood changes. [84]
This condition has no known health complications associated with it. A study done in 2001 showed that natural short sleepers are more prone to subclinical hypomania, [25] a temporary mental state most common during adolescence characterized by racing thoughts, abnormally high focus on goal-directed activities, unusually euphoric mood, and a perceptual innecessity for sleep.