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The dose–response relationship, or exposure–response relationship, describes the magnitude of the response of an organism, as a function of exposure (or doses) to a stimulus or stressor (usually a chemical) after a certain exposure time. [1] Dose–response relationships can be described by dose–response curves. This is explained further ...
Hormesis is a biological phenomenon where a low dose of a potentially harmful stressor, such as a toxin or environmental factor, stimulates a beneficial adaptive response in an organism. In other words, small doses of stressors that would be damaging in larger amounts can actually enhance resilience, stimulate growth, or improve health at lower ...
The median effective dose is the dose that produces a quantal effect (all or nothing) in 50% of the population that takes it (median referring to the 50% population base). [6] It is also sometimes abbreviated as the ED 50, meaning "effective dose for 50% of the population". The ED50 is commonly used as a measure of the reasonable expectancy of ...
The area under the effect curve (AUEC) is an integral of the effect of a drug over time, estimated as a previously-established function of concentration. It was proposed to be used instead of AUC in animal-to-human dose translation, as computer simulation shows that it could cope better with half-life and dosing schedule variations than AUC.
The therapeutic window is the amount of a medication between the amount that gives an effect (effective dose) and the amount that gives more adverse effects than desired effects. For instance, medication with a small pharmaceutical window must be administered with care and control, e.g. by frequently measuring blood concentration of the drug ...
For a response of 0.25a.u., Drug B is more potent, as it generates this response at a lower concentration. For a response of 0.75a.u., Drug A is more potent. a.u. refers to "arbitrary units". In pharmacology , potency or biological potency [ 1 ] is a measure of a drug's biological activity expressed in terms of the dose required to produce a ...
Drug titration is the process of adjusting the dose of a medication for the maximum benefit without adverse effects. [1] When a drug has a narrow therapeutic index, titration is especially important, because the range between the dose at which a drug is effective and the dose at which side effects occur is small. [2]
In pharmacology, efficacy (E max) is the maximum response achievable from an applied or dosed agent, for instance, a small molecule drug. [2] Intrinsic activity is a relative term for a drug's efficacy relative to a drug with the highest observed efficacy. [3] It is a purely descriptive term that has little or no mechanistic interpretation.