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The 17 hymns of the Gathas consist of 238 stanzas, of about 1300 lines or 6000 words in total. They were later incorporated into the 72-chapter Yasna (chapter: ha or had , from the Avestan ha'iti , 'cut'), that in turn is the primary liturgical collection of texts within the greater compendium of the Avesta .
These hymns, together with five other short Old Avestan texts that are also part of the Yasna, are in the Old (or 'Gathic') Avestan language. The remainder of the Yasna's texts are in Younger Avestan, which is not only from a later stage of the language, but also from a different geographic region.
The Yasna Haptanghaiti (Yasna Haptaŋhāiti) (YH), Avestan for "Worship in Seven Chapters," is a set of seven hymns within the greater Yasna collection, the primary liturgical texts of the Zoroastrian Avesta. It is generally believed that the YH spans Yasna 35.2- or 35.3–41. [1]
The word yasht derives from Middle Persian 𐭩𐭱𐭲 yašt (“prayer, worship”) probably from Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬀 (yašta, “honored”), from 𐬫𐬀𐬰 (yaz, “to worship, honor”), from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂ǵ-[1] or *Hyaǵ-, [2] and several hymns of the Yasna liturgy that "venerate by praise" are—in tradition—also nominally called yashts.
Yasna 57 is the Sarosh Yasht, the hymn to the divinity of religious discipline. It is closely related to, and appears to have sections borrowed from Yasht 10, the hymn to Mithra. Yasna 58 is again a "hidden" Yasht, here to the genius of prayer (cf. Dahman). Yasna 59 is a repetition of the sections from Yasna 17 and 26.
One example of this differences in the languange in the Yenghe hatam is the relative pronoun yeŋ́hē (whose), which seems closer to the Young Avestan form yeŋ́he than the Old Avestan yehiiā as used in Y. 51.22. [8] To account for this, Karl Hoffmann has for instance labelled it pseudo-Old-Avestan. [9]
Avestan (/ ə ˈ v ɛ s t ən / ə-VESS-tən) [1] is the liturgical language of Zoroastrianism. [2] It belongs to the Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family and was originally spoken during the Old Iranian period (c. 1500 – 400 BCE) [3] [f 1] by the Iranians living in the eastern portion of Greater Iran.
Yazata is an Avestan-language passive adjectival participle derived from yaz-; "to worship, to honor, ... In these hymns, yazata is used as a generic, ...