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Right-sided duplication of the right little toe in an 8.5 months old male, with two toes (fifth and sixth) apparently forming joints with the fifth metatarsal bone, which is mildly broadened distally. The duplicated toes have almost normal growth. The fifth toe has mild varus angulation, and the sixth toe has substantial valgus angulation.
One of the polydactyl cats at the Ernest Hemingway House in Key West, Florida.This particular cat has seven (two extra) toes on each paw. A polydactyl cat is a cat with a congenital physical anomaly called polydactyly (also known as polydactylism or hyperdactyly), which causes the cat to be born with more than the usual number of toes on one or more of its paws.
Human hand anatomy (pentadactyl) In biology, dactyly is the arrangement of digits (fingers and toes) on the hands, feet, or sometimes wings of a tetrapod animal.The term is derived from the Greek word δακτυλος (dáktylos) meaning "finger."
Right-sided duplication of the right little toe in an 8.5 months old male, with two toes (fifth and sixth) apparently forming joints with the fifth metatarsal bone, which is mildly broadened distally. The duplicated toes have almost normal growth. The fifth toe has mild varus angulation, and the sixth toe has substantial valgus angulation.
Polysyndactyly is a congenital anomaly, combining polydactyly and syndactyly, in which affected individuals have an extra finger or toe that is connected, via fusing or webbing, to an adjacent digit. [1] [2]
Polymetatarsia is a rare congenital malformation which is characterized by the presence of 6 or more metatarsal bones in the same foot. It is most commonly seen alongside polydactyly, [1] and it often appears between the fourth and fifth metatarsals or beside the fifth metatarsal.
The anthracosaurs, which may be stem-tetrapods [7] [8] or reptiliomorphs, [9] retained the five-toe pattern still found in amniotes. Further reduction had taken place in the temnospondyls, leaving the forefoot with four toes and the hind foot with five, a pattern still found in modern amphibians. [10]
The variant of MS that fuses the 4th and 5th metacarpals is caused by X-linked recessive mutations (alterations or duplications) in the FGF16 gene, in chromosome X. [10]It is a feature of various rare disorders such as Apert's syndrome, and can occur alongside other isolated congenital hand/foot malformations including syndactyly, cleft hand, metatarsal synostosis, and polydactyly.