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Obligatory synergy patterns are observed when a patient tries to make a minimal voluntary movement, or as a result of stimulated reflexes. [ 1 ] The flexion synergy for the upper extremity includes scapular retraction and elevation , shoulder abduction and external rotation, elbow flexion, forearm supination , and wrist and finger flexion.
The Brunnstrom Approach follows six proposed stages of sequential motor recovery after a stroke. A patient can plateau at any of these stages, but will generally follow this sequence if he or she makes a full recovery. [1] [2] The variability found between patients depends on the location and severity of the lesion, and the potential for ...
The Bobath concept is an approach to neurological rehabilitation that is applied in patient assessment and treatment (such as with adults after stroke [1] or children with cerebral palsy [2]). The goal of applying the Bobath concept is to promote motor learning for efficient motor control in various environments, thereby improving participation ...
Traditionally, CIMT involves restraining the unaffected arm in patients with hemiparetic stroke or hemiparetic cerebral palsy (HCP) for 90% of waking hours while engaging the affected limb in a range of everyday activities [9] [10] However, given concerns with compliance (both among patients and clinicians), reimbursement, and patient safety, studies have varied on hours of restraint per day ...
Abnormal posturing is an involuntary flexion or extension of the arms and legs, indicating severe brain injury.It occurs when one set of muscles becomes incapacitated while the opposing set is not, and an external stimulus such as pain causes the working set of muscles to contract. [1]
Respiratory assistance: Use the patient's voluntary respiratory motions to treat a somatic dysfunction. Commonly used in treating inhalation rib dysfunctions. Crossed extensor reflex: Use crossed extensor reflex to treat muscular injuries. For example, contraction of a muscle on the right side leads to relaxation of the same muscle on the left ...
Tenodesis grasp and release is an orthopedic observation of a passive hand grasp and release mechanism, affected by wrist extension or flexion, respectively.It is caused by the manner of attachment of the finger tendons to the bones and the passive tension created by two-joint muscles used to produce a functional movement or task (tenodesis). [1]
Opisthotonus or opisthotonos (from Ancient Greek: ὄπισθεν, romanized: opisthen, lit. 'behind' and τόνος, tonos, 'tension') is a state of severe hyperextension and spasticity in which an individual's head, neck and spinal column enter into a complete "bridging" or "arching" position.