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The HRC resolution in itself is not legally binding, but it "invites the United Nations General Assembly to consider the matter" (i.e. the human right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment). [1] Vote of the Human Rights Council on the related HRC/48/L.27
The Earth Charter's vision proposes that environmental protection, human rights, equitable human development, and peace are interdependent and indivisible. The Charter attempts to provide a new framework for thinking about and addressing these issues.
The right to a healthy environment uses a human rights approach to protect environmental quality; this approach addresses the impact of environmental harm upon individual humans, as opposed to the more traditional approach of environmental regulation which focuses on impacts to other states or the environment itself. [8]
This declaration mentions the right to a healthy environment: "Recognizing that a clean, healthy and sustainable environment is important for the enjoyment of human rights, taking note of Human Rights Council resolution 48/13 entitled "The human right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment. ” [6]
The 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment signifies the first international effort to place environmental issues at the forefront of global concerns. [3] [2] The conference sought to recognize the finite nature of Earth's resources and human impacts on the environment. [3]
The 1972 Stockholm Declaration provided the basis for further elaboration of a human right to environmental quality. [27] Environmental protection is not commonly included in human rights treaties. Rather environmental protection is derived from the rights that those treaties protect, such as the rights to life, food, water and health. [28]
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an independent executive agency of the United States federal government tasked with environmental protection matters. All US states have their own state-level departments of environmental protection, [66] which may issue regulations more stringent than the federal ones.
Environmental law is the collection of laws, regulations, agreements and common law that governs how humans interact with their environment. [2] This includes environmental regulations; laws governing management of natural resources , such as forests , minerals , or fisheries; and related topics such as environmental impact assessments .