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This includes any amount paid by the ship owner and his insurer. Companies that import hazardous and noxious substances in member states of the convention will be required to contribute to this fund. Contributions will be based on the amount of substances companies receive each year. [16] Types of damages covered: [10] Loss of life or personal ...
This is the list of extremely hazardous substances defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. § 11002). The list can be found as an appendix to 40 CFR 355. [1] Updates as of 2006 can be seen on the Federal Register, 71 FR 47121 (August 16, 2006). [2]
An example of this is the mixing of ammonia-based cleaners (or acid-based cleaners) and bleach. [5] This causes the production of chloramines that volatilize (become gaseous), causing acute inflammation of the lungs (toxic pneumonia), long-term respiratory damage, and potential death.
The example above shows an explosive with a compatibility group "A" (shown as 1.1A). The actual letter shown would depend on the specific properties of the substance being transported. For example, the Canadian Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations provides a description of compatibility groups. 1.1 Explosives with a mass explosion hazard
Many gases have toxic properties, which are often assessed using the LC 50 (median lethal concentration) measure. In the United States, many of these gases have been assigned an NFPA 704 health rating of 4 (may be fatal) or 3 (may cause serious or permanent injury), and/or exposure limits (TLV, TWA/PEL, STEL, or REL) determined by the ACGIH professional association.
An example is zinc oxide, a common paint pigment, which is extremely toxic to aquatic life. [citation needed] Toxicity or other hazards do not imply an environmental hazard, because elimination by sunlight , water or organisms (biological elimination) neutralizes many reactive or poisonous substances. Persistence towards these elimination ...
Examples of activation-independent carcinogens include ultraviolet light, ionizing radiation and alkylating agents. [21] The time from exposure to a carcinogen to the development of cancer is known as the latency period. For most solid tumors in humans the latency period is between 10 and 40 years depending on cancer type. [22]
Toxic waste is any unwanted material in all forms that can cause harm (e.g. by being inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through the skin). Mostly generated by industry, consumer products like televisions, computers, and phones contain toxic chemicals that can pollute the air and contaminate soil and water.