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A protected group, protected class (US), or prohibited ground (Canada) is a category by which people are qualified for special protection by a law, policy, or similar authority. In Canada and the United States, the term is frequently used in connection with employees and employment and housing .
[14] The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), enacted in 1968 and amended in 1978 and 1986, prohibits employers from discriminating on the basis of age. The prohibited practices are nearly identical to those outlined in Title VII, except that the ADEA protects workers in firms with 20 or more workers rather than 15 or more.
Employment discrimination is a form of illegal discrimination in the workplace based on legally protected characteristics. In the U.S., federal anti-discrimination law prohibits discrimination by employers against employees based on age , race , gender , sex (including pregnancy , sexual orientation , and gender identity ), religion , national ...
Political parties who use 'protected characteristics' (age, race, religion, sex, sexual orientation) [24] as candidate selection criteria; however, these "Selection arrangements do not include short-listing only such persons as have a particular protected characteristic", [25] other than sex, [26] which may still be used to prejudice selection ...
This contrasts with disparate impact, where an employer applies a neutral rule that treats everyone equally in form, but has a disadvantageous effect on some people of a protected characteristic compared to others. Title VII prohibits employers from treating applicants or employees differently because of their membership in a protected class.
Disparate impact in the law of the United States refers to practices in employment, housing, and other areas that adversely affect one group of people of a protected characteristic more than another, even though rules applied by employers or landlords are formally neutral. Although the protected classes vary by statute, most federal civil ...
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In Japan, fundamental rights protected by the Constitution of Japan include: [11] Civil liberties, including the right to liberty and the right to freedom of expression, thought, conscience and religion; Social rights, including the right to receive education and the right to maintain the minimum standards of wholesome and cultured living