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Bronchospasm or a bronchial spasm is a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles. It is caused by the release ( degranulation ) of substances from mast cells or basophils under the influence of anaphylatoxins .
Bronchospasm occurs due to the blockage of β 2 receptors in the lungs. Hypoglycemia occurs due to decreased stimulation of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver via β 2 receptors. [20] [21] [25] There have been no reported cases of clinically evident drug-induced liver injury associated with bisoprolol. [26]
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These medications include short-acting beta agonists (SABAs) such as albuterol which typically last 4–6 hours, and long-acting beta agonists (LABAs) such as salmeterol which lasts 12 hours. [5] For example, during an acute asthma exacerbation where airway smooth muscle is constricted, inhalation of SABAs provide rapid relief of symptoms ...
In athletes, symptoms of bronchospasm such as chest discomfort, breathlessness, ... This page was last edited on 3 December 2024, at 21:06 (UTC).
Bronchospasm may resolve spontaneously in 1–2 hours, or in about 50% of subjects, may become part of a 'late' response, where this initial insult is followed 3–12 hours later with further bronchoconstriction and inflammation. [6]
The issue of bronchospasm acquired prominence in the neuromuscular-blocking agents arena after the withdrawal from clinical use of rapacuronium (Raplon - a steroidal neuromuscular-blocking agent marketed by Organon) in 2001 [9] [10] after several serious events of bronchospasm, [11] [12] including five unexplained fatalities, [13] following its ...
Bronchospasm is a potential life threat, ... Carbamate poisoning does not cause long-term effects. [3] ... This page was last edited on 21 August 2024, ...