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Gram stain of cells from the vagina (the same magnification) with normal bacterial flora (top) and the bacteria that cause vaginosis (bottom). A variety of diagnosis techniques are currently available for identifying Gardnerella vaginalis such as the OSOM BV Blue assay, FemExam cards and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), resulting in the determination of ongoing BV.
For men, the signs and symptoms are discharge from the penis, burning or pain when urinating, itching, irritation, or tenderness. In women, the signs and symptoms are discharge from vagina, burning or pain when urinating, anal or oral infections, abdominal pain, or abnormal vaginal bleeding, which may be an indication that the infection has ...
They are a medical sign of bacterial vaginosis, particularly that caused by Gardnerella vaginalis, [2] a group of Gram-variable bacteria. This bacterial infection is characterized by thin gray vaginal discharge , and an increase in vaginal pH from around 4.5 to over 5.5.
Grade 2 (Intermediate): Some lactobacilli present, but Gardnerella or Mobiluncus morphotypes also present. Grade 3 (Bacterial Vaginosis): Predominantly Gardnerella and/or Mobiluncus morphotypes. Few or absent lactobacilli. (Hay et al., 1994) Gardnerella vaginalis is the main culprit in BV. Gardnerella vaginalis is a short, Gram-variable rod ...
Lactobacilli have been shown to inhibit in vitro growth of pathogenic microorganisms, e.g. Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, Gardnerella vaginalis, Mobiluncus spp., Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Prevotella bivia and Staphylococcus aureus. It is generally accepted that this is achieved mainly through the action of ...
Gardnerella swidsinskii Vaneechoutte et al. 2019 Gardnerella vaginalis (Gardner and Dukes 1955) Greenwood and Pickett 1980 Gardnerella is a genus of Gram-variable -staining facultative anaerobic bacteria .
Gardnerella usually causes a discharge with a fish-like odor. It is associated with itching and irritation, but not pain during intercourse. elevated Trichomonas vaginalis Can cause a profuse discharge with a fish-like odor, pain upon urination, painful intercourse, and inflammation of the external genitals. elevated (5.0–6.0)
The main targets of study are recurrent and polymicrobial UTIs, interstitial cystitis and chronic prostatitis. Disturbances in the microbiome may affect the occurrence or severity of sexually transmitted infections. A 2010 study found that urine samples from men with STIs had higher presence of slow-growing or non-culturable bacteria.