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Global value chains are a network of production and trade across countries. The study of global value chains requires inevitably a trade theory that can treat input trade. However, mainstream trade theories (Heckshcer-Ohlin-Samuelson model and New trade theory and New new trade theory) are only concerned with final goods.
In an (industrial) development context, the concepts of global value chain analysis were first introduced in the 1990s (Gereffi et al.) [10] and have gradually been integrated into development policy by the World Bank, Unctad, [11] the OECD and others.
Gary Allan Gereffi (born July 23, 1948 [4] in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania [5]) is an American economic sociologist, policy activist, author, and academic.Gereffi is emeritus Professor of Sociology and Founding Director of the Global Value Chains Center [a] at Duke University.
The book discusses the Global Value Chains (GVC) framework, pioneered by Gereffi in the mid-1990s and early 2000s. It focuses on how buyer-driven supply chains, led by retailers and global brands, shifted production in many international industries to low-cost developing economies. The GVC framework revolves around "governance" (supply chain ...
The US Treasury has committed $667 million for the World Bank's global Pandemic Fund, a third of the $2 billion the fund hopes to raise. [70] The Pandemic Fund, established in September 2022, is a collaborative initiative among countries, implementing partners, philanthropies, and civil society organizations.
The World Development Report (WDR) is an annual report published since 1978 by the World Bank. Each WDR provides in-depth analysis of a specific aspect of economic development . Past reports have considered such topics as agriculture, youth, equity, public services delivery, the role of the state, transition economies , labour, infrastructure ...
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There is evidence too that global value chains that have an impact on the environment and the societies they serve such as farmers and suppliers can be effectively measured. The World Bank also supports the perspective that GVCs can be valuable for sustainable development and provides an array of examples and data. [26]