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Synapses are essential for the transmission of neuronal impulses from one neuron to the next, [10] playing a key role in enabling rapid and direct communication by creating circuits. In addition, a synapse serves as a junction where both the transmission and processing of information occur, making it a vital means of communication between ...
In both images neurons are stained with a somatodendritic marker, microtubule associated protein (red). In the right image, synaptic vesicles are stained in green (yellow where the green and red overlap). Scale bar = 25 μm. [3] Synaptic vesicles are relatively simple because only a limited number of proteins fit into a sphere of 40 nm diameter.
It is part of the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway, which transmits touch, vibration sense, as well as the pathway for proprioception. [citation needed] The medial lemniscus carries axons from most of the body and terminates by synapsing with third-order neurons in the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus.
The extensive dendritic tree of two hippocampal pyramidal neurons (magenta) with all incoming synapses genetically labeled (green spots). [2] Dendrites are one of two types of cytoplasmic processes that extrude from the cell body of a neuron, the other type being an axon. Axons can be distinguished from dendrites by several features including ...
An autapse is a synapse in which a neuron's axon connects to its dendrites. The human brain has some 8.6 x 10 10 (eighty six billion) neurons. [31] [32] Each neuron has on average 7,000 synaptic connections to other neurons. It has been estimated that the brain of a three-year-old child has about 10 15 synapses (1 quadrillion).
Axon terminals are specialized to release neurotransmitters very rapidly by exocytosis. [1] Neurotransmitter molecules are packaged into synaptic vesicles that cluster beneath the axon terminal membrane on the presynaptic side (A) of a synapse.
Synapses are the key functional elements of the brain. [11] The essential function of the brain is cell-to-cell communication, and synapses are the points at which communication occurs. The human brain has been estimated to contain approximately 100 trillion synapses; [12] even the brain of a fruit fly contains several million. [13]
White matter, which is mostly composed of myelinated axons (hence its white color) and glial cells, is generally not considered to be a part of the neuropil. [citation needed] Neuropil (pl. neuropils) comes from the Greek: neuro, meaning "tendon, sinew; nerve" and pilos, meaning "felt". [2] The term's origin can be traced back to the late 19th ...