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VFAT, a variant of FAT with an extended directory format, was introduced in Windows 95 and Windows NT 3.5. It allowed mixed-case Unicode long filenames (LFNs) in addition to classic 8.3 names by using multiple 32-byte directory entry records for long filenames (in such a way that old 8.3 system software will only recognize one as the valid directory entry).
Long filename (LFN) support is Microsoft's backward-compatible extension of the 8.3 filename (short filename) naming scheme used in MS-DOS.Long filenames can be more descriptive, including longer filename extensions such as .jpeg, .tiff, and .html that are common on other operating systems, rather than specialized shortened names such as .jpg, .tif, or .htm.
The original File Allocation Table (FAT) file system, used by Standalone Disk BASIC-80, had a 6.3 file name, with a maximum of 6 bytes in the name and a maximum of 3 bytes in the extension. The FAT12 and FAT16 file systems in IBM PC DOS / MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows prior to Windows 95 used the same 8.3 convention as the CP/M file system.
The NTFS maximum theoretical limit on the size of individual files is 16 EB [a] [27] (16 × 1024 6 or 2 64 bytes) minus 1 KB, which totals 18,446,744,073,709,550,592 bytes. With Windows 10 version 1709 and Windows Server 2019, the maximum implemented file size is 8 PB [a] minus 2 MB or 9,007,199,252,643,840 bytes. [5]
Because file size references are stored in eight instead of four bytes, the file size limit has increased to 16 exabytes (EB) (2 64 − 1 bytes, or about 10 19 bytes, which is otherwise limited by a maximum volume size of 128 PB, [nb 2] or 2 57 − 1 bytes), raised from 4 GB (2 32 − 1 bytes) in a standard FAT32 file system. [1]
The Windows Subsystem for Linux added in the Windows 10 Anniversary Update uses them for similar purposes, storing the Linux file mode, owner, device ID (if applicable), and file times in the extended attributes. [27] Additionally, NTFS can store arbitrary-length extended attributes in the form of alternate data streams (ADS), a type of ...
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File system Maximum filename length Allowable characters in directory entries [cc] Maximum pathname length Maximum file size Maximum volume size [cd] Max number of files AdvFS: 255 characters Any byte except NUL [ce] No limit defined [cf] 16 TiB (17.59 TB) 16 TiB (17.59 TB) ? APFS: 255 UTF-8 characters Unicode 9.0 encoded in UTF-8 [96]? 8 EiB ...