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Cost engineering is "the engineering practice devoted to the management of project cost, involving such activities as estimating, cost control, cost forecasting, investment appraisal and risk analysis". [1] "Cost Engineers budget, plan and monitor investment projects. They seek the optimum balance between cost, quality and time requirements." [2]
Project Cost Management (PCM) is the dimension of project management which aims to ensure that a project is completed within its approved budget. [1] [2] It encompasses several specific project management activities including estimating, job controls, field data collection, scheduling, accounting and design, and uses technology to measure cost and productivity through the full life-cycle of ...
[2] [3] Martin Barnes (1968) proposed a project cost model based on cost, time and resources (CTR) in his PhD thesis and in 1969, he designed a course entitled "Time and Cost in Contract Control" in which he drew a triangle with each apex representing cost, time and quality (CTQ). [4] Later, he expanded quality with performance, becoming CTP.
In business strategy, cost leadership is a strategy aiming to establish a competitive advantage by having the lowest cost of operation in the industry. [1] Cost leadership is often driven by company efficiency , size, scale, scope and cumulative experience ( learning curve ).
Cost reduction is the process used by organisations aiming to reduce their costs and increase their profits, or to accommodate reduced income. Depending on a company’s services or products , the strategies can vary.
In construction, the costs of materials, labor, equipment, etc., and all directly involved efforts or expenses for the cost object are direct costs. In manufacturing or other non-construction industries, the portion of operating costs that is directly assignable to a specific product or process is a direct cost. [4]
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The Extended cost-loss model [9] [10] [11] is a simple extension of the cost-loss model.