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Flory–Stockmayer theory is a theory governing the cross-linking and gelation of step-growth polymers. [1] The Flory–Stockmayer theory represents an advancement from the Carothers equation , allowing for the identification of the gel point for polymer synthesis not at stoichiometric balance. [ 1 ]
The simplest case refers to the formation of a strictly linear polymer by the reaction (usually by condensation) of two monomers in equimolar quantities. An example is the synthesis of nylon-6,6 whose formula is [−NH−(CH 2) 6 −NH−CO−(CH 2) 4 −CO−] n from one mole of hexamethylenediamine, H 2 N(CH 2) 6 NH 2, and one mole of adipic acid, HOOC−(CH 2) 4 −COOH.
In the simplest treatment, such a chain follows the random walk model, where each step taken in a random direction is independent of the directions taken in the previous steps, forming a random coil. The average end-to-end distance for a chain satisfying the random walk model is R 2 = N b 2 {\displaystyle \langle R^{2}\rangle =Nb^{2}} .
Four powers of 10 spanning a range of three decades: 1, 10, 100, 1000 (10 0, 10 1, 10 2, 10 3) Four grids spanning three decades of resolution: One thousand 0.001s, one-hundred 0.01s, ten 0.1s, one 1. One decade (symbol dec [1]) is a unit for measuring ratios on a logarithmic scale, with one decade corresponding to a ratio of 10 between two ...
To justify this formula, define the arc length as limit of the sum of ... In the below step, ... This modern ratio differs from the one calculated from the original ...
The next step is to multiply the above value by the step size , which we take equal to one here: h ⋅ f ( y 0 ) = 1 ⋅ 1 = 1. {\displaystyle h\cdot f(y_{0})=1\cdot 1=1.} Since the step size is the change in t {\displaystyle t} , when we multiply the step size and the slope of the tangent, we get a change in y {\displaystyle y} value.
The original polymer chain is terminated and a new one is initiated. [6] The kinetic chain is not terminated if the new radical can add monomer. [1] However the degree of polymerization is reduced without affecting the rate of polymerization (which depends on kinetic chain length), since two (or more) macromolecules are formed instead of one. [7]
The unit of time is defined such that one step of the pseudo code corresponds to one unit. To execute the loop, in its entirety, requires four units of time. is defined to be four. Note, however, that if is equal to one, then step one can be skipped. The loop only takes three units of time.