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  2. Wildcard mask - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildcard_mask

    A wildcard mask is a mask of bits that indicates which parts of an IP address are available for examination. In the Cisco IOS, [1] they are used in several places, for example: To indicate the size of a network or subnet for some routing protocols, such as OSPF. To indicate what IP addresses should be permitted or denied in access control lists ...

  3. Packet Tracer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_Tracer

    Packet Tracer is a cross-platform visual simulation tool designed by Cisco Systems that allows users to create network topologies and imitate modern computer networks. The software allows users to simulate the configuration of Cisco routers and switches using a simulated command line interface.

  4. traceroute - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traceroute

    In computing, traceroute and tracert are diagnostic command-line interface commands for displaying possible routes (paths) and transit delays of packets across an Internet Protocol (IP) network. The command reports the round-trip times of the packets received from each successive host (remote node) along the route to a destination.

  5. Network address translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_address_translation

    If a packet is sent to 203.0.113.1 by a computer at 192.168.1.100, the packet would normally be routed to the default gateway (the router) [e] A router with the NAT loopback feature detects that 203.0.113.1 is the address of its WAN interface, and treats the packet as if coming from that interface. It determines the destination for that packet ...

  6. route (command) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_(command)

    COMMAND: The command to run (add, delete, change, get, monitor, flush)-net: <dest> is a network address-host: <dest> is host name or address (default)-netmask: the mask of the route <dest>: IP address or host name of the destination <gateway>: IP address or host name of the next-hop router

  7. Explicit Congestion Notification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explicit_Congestion...

    Upon receiving an IP packet with the Congestion Experienced code point, the TCP receiver echoes back this congestion indication using the ECE flag in the TCP header. When an endpoint receives a TCP segment with the ECE bit it reduces its congestion window as for a packet drop.

  8. Generic routing encapsulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_Routing_Encapsulation

    C (1 bit) Checksum bit. Set to 1 if a checksum is present. R (1 bit) Routing Bit. Set to 1 if Routing and Offset information are present. K (1 bit) Key bit. Set to 1 if a key is present. S (1 bit) Sequence number bit. Set to 1 if a sequence number is present. s (1 bit) Strict source route bit. Recur (3 bits) Recursion control bits. Flags (5 bits)

  9. High-Level Data Link Control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Level_Data_Link_Control

    It is called Poll when part of a command (set by the primary station to obtain a response from a secondary station), and Final when part of a response (set by the secondary station to indicate a response or the end of transmission). In all other cases, the bit is clear. The bit is used as a token that is passed back and forth between the ...