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The Gallaeci dwelt in hill forts (locally called castros), and the archaeological culture they developed is known by archaeologists as "Castro culture", a hill-fort culture (usually, but not always) with round or elongated houses. Partial view of the Castro de Santa Tegra, an oppidum from the 2nd century BC.
The Greek name of the tribe was Kallaikoi.. A large tribal confederation (the Gallaeci) in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula and the region of Gallaecia (roughly today's Galicia and Northern Portugal, and also included Asturias and part of León) are named after the Gallaeci.
Gallaecia, as a region, was thus marked for the Romans as much for the Gallaeci's castros, a system of hillforts, as it was for the lure of its gold mines. This culture extended over present day Galicia , the north of Portugal , the western part of Asturias , the Bierzo , and Sanabria and was distinct from the neighbouring Lusitanian culture to ...
The Iberian Peninsula, where Galicia is located, has been inhabited for at least 500,000 years, first by Neanderthals and then by modern humans. From about 4500 BC, it (like much of the north and west of the peninsula) was inhabited by a megalithic culture, which entered the Bronze Age about 1500 BC.
A satellite view of Galicia. The name Galicia derives from the Latin toponym Callaecia, later Gallaecia, related to the name of an ancient Celtic tribe that resided north of the Douro river, the Gallaeci or Callaeci in Latin, or Καλλαϊκoί (Kallaïkoí) in Greek. [17]
Map of Gallaecia. The Grovii or Gravii were an ancient Gallaeci tribe who inhabited the low valley of the Minho river, present day Portugal and Galicia (Spain), and also along the coast near the rivers Avo, Celadus, Nebis and Limia, northern Portugal.
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The Celtiberian presence remains on the map of Spain in hundreds of Celtic place-names. The archaeological recovery of Celtiberian culture commenced with the excavations of Numantia, published between 1914 and 1931. A Roman army auxiliary unit, the Cohors I Celtiberorum, is known from Britain, attested by 2nd century AD discharge diplomas. [16]