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The Herakleia head, probable portrait of a Persian (Achaemenid) Empire Satrap of Asia Minor, end of 6th century BCE, probably under Darius I [1]. A satrap (/ ˈ s æ t r ə p /) was a governor of the provinces of the ancient Median and Persian (Achaemenid) Empires and in several of their successors, such as in the Sasanian Empire and the Hellenistic empires. [2]
Mazaeus was the penultimate Persian satrap (governor) of Cilicia.His successor in Cilicia was Arsames, who was ultimately expelled by Alexander the Great.. At the Battle of Gaugamela, Mazaeus commanded the right flank with the Syrian, Median, Mesopotamian, Parthian, Sacian, Tapurian, Hyrcanian, Sacesinian, Cappadocian, and Armenian cavalry.
The name for Lydia as an Achaemenid territory in the DNa inscription of Darius the Great (c. 490 BC): Sparda (𐎿𐎱𐎼𐎭).. Tabalus, appointed by Cyrus the Great, was the first satrap; however, his rule did not last long as the Lydians revolted.
The Northern Satraps (Brahmi: , Kṣatrapa, "Satraps" or , Mahakṣatrapa, "Great Satraps"), or sometimes Satraps of Mathura, [2] or Northern Sakas, [1] are a dynasty of Indo-Scythian ("Saka") rulers who held sway over the area of Punjab and Mathura after the decline of the Indo-Greeks, from the end of the 1st century BCE to the 2nd century CE.
Mazaces, also Mazakes (Old Iranian: Mazdāka, Aramaic: 𐡌𐡆𐡃𐡊 MZDK), was the last Achaemenid satrap of ancient Egypt during the late reign of Darius III of the 31st Dynasty of Egypt.
The Western Satraps, or Western Kshatrapas (Brahmi:, Mahakṣatrapa, "Great Satraps") were Indo-Scythian rulers of the western and central parts of India (extending from Saurashtra in the south and Malwa in the east, covering modern-day Sindh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh states), between 35 and 415 CE.
It is possible that the concept and province of the "Upper Satrapies" was created already during the late Achaemenid Empire, where superior military commands covering several satrapies are attested for Asia Minor at least, with scholars hypothesizing also the existence of similar arrangements for the Armenian, Syriac-Babylonian and eastern satrapies. [3]
Achaemenid Cappadocia. Cyrus the Younger, 408–401 BCE.Son of Darius II who held the satrapies of Lydia (including Ionia), Greater Phrygia, and Cappadocia.He died in 401 in battle during a failed attempt to oust his elder brother, Artaxerxes II, from the Persian throne.