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Transylvania is a historical region in central and northwestern Romania.It was under the rule of the Agathyrsi, part of the Dacian Kingdom (168 BC–106 AD), Roman Dacia (106–271), the Goths, the Hunnic Empire (4th–5th centuries), the Kingdom of the Gepids (5th–6th centuries), the Avar Khaganate (6th–9th centuries), the Slavs, and the 9th century First Bulgarian Empire.
Transylvania is known for the scenery of its Carpathian landscape and its rich history, coupled with its multi-cultural character. It also contains Romania's second-largest city, Cluj-Napoca , and other very well preserved medieval iconic cities and towns such as Brașov , Sibiu , Târgu Mureș , Bistrița , Alba Iulia , Mediaș , and Sighișoara .
There is an ongoing scholarly debate among Hungarian and Romanian historians regarding the medieval population of Transylvania.While some Romanian historians claim there was a continuous Romanian majority, Hungarian historians argue that Romanians continuously settled in the Kingdom of Hungary, of which Transylvania was a part.
There are two major conflicting theories concerning whether or not the Romanized Dacian population (one of the ancestors of the Romanians) continued to live in Transylvania after the withdrawal of the Romans, and therefore whether or not the Romanians were present in Transylvania at the time of the Great Migrations, particularly at the time of ...
The latter period of Báthory rule saw Transylvania under Sigismund Báthory – prince of the Holy Roman Empire [21] – enter the Long War, which started as a Christian alliance against the Turks and became a four-sided conflict involving Transylvania, the Habsburgs, the Ottomans, and the voivode of Wallachia, Michael the Brave.
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Even so, the Voivodeship of Transylvania "was the largest single administrative entity" [4] in the entire kingdom in the 15th century. Voivodes enjoyed income from the royal estates attached to their office, but the right to "grant lands, collect taxes and tolls, or coin money" [ 5 ] was reserved for the monarchs.
The siege of Nagyvárad in 1660 was initiated by the Ottomans, led by Szejdi Ahmed Pasha and Ali Pasha, against the Transylvanian fortress of Várad (modern-day Oradea) which was the most important fortress in Transylvania. The Ottomans successfully captured Várad after 44 days of siege.