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Central hypoventilation syndrome (CHS) is a sleep-related breathing disorder that causes ineffective breathing, apnea, or respiratory arrest during sleep (and during wakefulness in severe cases). CHS can either be congenital (CCHS) or acquired (ACHS) later in life.
[6] Central hypoventilation syndrome is caused by certain receptors in the brain failing to recognize changes in carbon dioxide levels during sleep, leading to a low breathing rate and low blood concentration of oxygen. Some of the causes of this disease are sudden onset obesity or spinal cord surgery.
The conditions of hypoxia and hypercapnia, whether caused by apnea or not, trigger additional effects on the body.The immediate effects of central sleep apnea on the body depend on how long the failure to breathe endures, how short is the interval between failures to breathe, and the presence or absence of independent conditions whose effects amplify those of an apneic episode.
ROHHAD was first described in 1965, and this was believed to be the first reported instance of hypoventilation presenting alongside hypothalamic dysfunction. [2] ROHHAD had often been mistaken for congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, until the distinction was made by Ize-Ludlow et al. in 2007.
The term "Pickwickian syndrome" that is sometimes used for the syndrome was coined by the famous early 20th-century physician William Osler, who must have been a reader of Charles Dickens. The description of Joe, "the fat boy" in Dickens's novel The Pickwick Papers, is an accurate clinical picture of an adult with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
Obstructive sleep apnea, adult 327.23 G47.33 Obstructive sleep apnea, pediatric 327.23 G47.33 Sleep-related hypoventilation/hypoxemic syndromes: Sleep-related non-obstructive alveolar hypoventilation, bidiopathic 327.24 G47.34 Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome 327.25 G47.35
Hypoventilation (also known as respiratory depression) occurs when ventilation is inadequate (hypo meaning "below") to perform needed respiratory gas exchange. [1] By definition it causes an increased concentration of carbon dioxide ( hypercapnia ) and respiratory acidosis .
327.24 Idiopathic sleep related non-obstructive alveolar hypoventilation; 327.25 Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome; 327.26 Sleep related hypoventilation/hypoxemia in conditions classifiable elsewhere; 327.27 Central sleep apnea in conditions classified elsewhere; 327.29 Other organic sleep apnea