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For some forms of viral encephalitis, such as Eastern equine encephalitis and Japanese encephalitis, there may be a significant amount of necrosis of nerve cells. Following encephalitis caused by arboviruses, calcification may occur in the CNS, especially among children.
Viral encephalitis can occur either as a direct effect of an acute infection, or as one of the sequelae of a latent infection. The majority of viral cases of encephalitis have an unknown cause; however, the most common identifiable cause of viral encephalitis is from herpes simplex infection. [ 12 ]
Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), or simply herpes encephalitis, is encephalitis due to herpes simplex virus. It is estimated to affect at least 1 in 500,000 individuals per year, [ 1 ] and some studies suggest an incidence rate of 5.9 cases per 100,000 live births.
Most forms of aseptic meningitis are viral in origin, though neoplastic and Lyme disease meningitis are also aseptic. California encephalitis virus; Central nervous system viral disease; Cytomegalovirus encephalitis; SARS-CoV-2; Eastern equine encephalitis; Enterovirus encephalitis; Epstein Barr Virus encephalitis; Herpes simplex encephalitis ...
In a trial with 15 children being infected with La Crosse viral encephalitis were treated at certain phases with ribavirin (RBV). RBV appeared to be safe at moderate doses. At escalated doses of RBV, adverse events occurred and then the trial was discontinued. Nonetheless, this was the largest study of antiviral treatment for La Crosse ...
Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) or sometimes necrotizing encephalitis or infection-induced acute encephalopathy (IIAE) is a rare type of brain disease (encephalopathy) that occurs following a viral infection. [4] Most commonly, it develops secondary to infection with influenza A, influenza B, and the human herpes virus 6. ANE can be ...
Progressive rubella panencephalitis (PRP) is a neurological disorder which may occur in a child with congenital rubella. [1] It is a slow viral infection of the brain characterized by chronic encephalitis, usually manifesting between 8–19 years of age. It is believed to be due to a persistence or reactivation of rubella virus infection.
Many viral infections of the central nervous system occur in seasonal peaks or as epidemics, whereas others, such as herpes simplex encephalitis, are sporadic. In endemic areas it is mostly a disease of children, but as the disease spreads to new regions, or nonimmune travelers visit endemic regions, nonimmune adults are also affected.