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Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) [2] is a rare, often fatal, subacute-to-chronic central nervous system disease caused by certain species of free-living amoebae [3] of the genera Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia and Sappinia. [4] [5] The term is most commonly used with Acanthamoeba.
Encephalitis with meningitis is known as meningoencephalitis, while encephalitis with involvement of the spinal cord is known as encephalomyelitis. [ 2 ] The word is from Ancient Greek ἐγκέφαλος , enképhalos 'brain', [ 37 ] composed of ἐν , en , 'in' and κεφαλή , kephalé , 'head', and the medical suffix -itis 'inflammation'.
It affects healthy children or young adults who have recently been exposed to bodies of fresh water. [3] Scientists speculate that lower age groups are at a higher risk of contracting the disease because adolescents have a more underdeveloped and porous cribriform plate , through which the amoeba travels to reach the brain.
Rarely, treated individuals can have relapse of infection weeks to months later. There is evidence that aberrant inflammation triggered by herpes simplex can result in granulomatous inflammation in the brain, which responds to steroids. [16] While the herpes virus can be spread, encephalitis itself is not infectious.
With 100% immunization, and 100% efficacy of the vaccines, one out of seven deaths among young children could be prevented, mostly in developing countries, making this an important global health issue. [3] Four diseases were responsible for 98% of vaccine-preventable deaths: measles, Haemophilus influenzae serotype b, pertussis, and neonatal ...
This can cause severe infection which occurs mostly in infants and children younger than 5 years old, can cause lifelong disability and can be fatal. There are 6 identified strains of this bacteria and other non-identifiable strains, the one most people are familiar with is Hib. Hib is also the only strain which this vaccine protects against. [28]
Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). [4] The disease is most common in Central and Eastern Europe, and Northern Asia. [4] More than 87% of people who receive the vaccine develop immunity. [5] It is not useful following the bite of an infected tick. [4] It is given by injection into a muscle ...
Anti-Hu associated encephalitis, also known as Anti-ANNA1 associated encephalitis, is an uncommon form of brain inflammation that is associated with an underlying cancer. It can cause psychiatric symptoms such as depression , anxiety , and hallucinations . [ 1 ]