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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts and memories, dreams or flashbacks of the event; avoidance of people, places and activities that remind the individual of the event; ongoing negative beliefs about oneself or the world, mood changes and persistent feelings of anger, guilt or fear; alterations in arousal such as increased ...
It was also excluded from the DSM-5, which lists post-traumatic stress disorder. [22] The ICD-11 has included C-PTSD since its initial publication in 2018 and a validated self-report measure exists for assessing the ICD-11 C-PTSD, [2] which is the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ). [23]
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders does not hyphenate "post" and "traumatic", thus, the DSM-5 lists the disorder as posttraumatic stress disorder. [306] However, many scientific journal articles and other scholarly publications do hyphenate the name of the disorder, viz., "post-traumatic stress disorder". [307]
However, the World Health Organization's ICD-11 excludes OCD but categorizes PTSD, Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD), adjustment disorder as stress-related disorders. [ 2 ] Stress is a conscious or unconscious psychological feeling or physical condition resulting from physical or mental 'positive or negative pressure' that ...
[10] Post-traumatic stress disorder is expressed through behavioral manifestations that resemble symptoms of PTSD. The diagnostic standards for PTSD encompass reliving the traumatic experience, avoiding triggers, and persistent hyperarousal. [11] Post-traumatic stress disorder can affect people of all ages, including children as young as 2. [12]
Post-traumatic refers to conditions following a physical trauma, i.e. an injury or damage caused by physical harm, or a psychological trauma: Post-concussion syndrome Post-traumatic abortion syndrome
Post-traumatic stress disorder may be a psychological sequela of one or more traumatic events. Sequelae of traumatic brain injury include headache, dizziness, anxiety, apathy, depression, aggression, cognitive impairments, personality changes, mania, and psychosis. [citation needed]
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are the two most prevalent disorders among first responders. [24] [25] These disorders can begin from the stress of the job or a preexisting stress that comes from the job the first responder is doing now. This type of stress can lead to alcohol drinking which is ...