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Though ancient Chinese, Indians, Egyptians and Mesopotamians are known to have studied the mathematical principles of sound, [2] the Pythagoreans (in particular Philolaus and Archytas) [3] of ancient Greece were the first researchers known to have investigated the expression of musical scales in terms of numerical ratios, [4] particularly the ratios of small integers.
In sum, it is clear that the Ancient Greeks conceived of a unified system with the tetrachord as the basic structure, but the octave as the principle of unification. Below is an elaboration of the mathematics that led to the logic of the system of tetrachords just described.
Ensemble Kérylos, a music group led by scholar Annie Bélis and dedicated to the recreation of ancient Greek and Roman music. Ensemble De Organographia, Music from the Ancient Greeks, 24 recordings on historical instruments from the documents published by Pöhlmann and West. Ancient Greek music at the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Audio ...
In ancient times Pythagoras was also noted for his discovery that music had mathematical foundations. Antique sources that credit Pythagoras as the philosopher who first discovered music intervals also credit him as the inventor of the monochord , a straight rod on which a string and a movable bridge could be used to demonstrate the ...
The system dates to Ancient Mesopotamia, [4] and consisted of alternating ascending fifths and descending fourths; see Music of Mesopotamia § Music theory. Within Ancient Greek music, the system had been mainly attributed to Pythagoras (who lived around 500 BCE) by modern authors of music theory; Ancient Greeks borrowed much of their music ...
[88] [89] There is a long history of examining the relationships between music and mathematics. Though ancient Chinese, Egyptians and Mesopotamians are known to have studied the mathematical principles of sound, [90] the Pythagoreans (in particular Philolaus and Archytas) [91] of ancient Greece were the first researchers known to have ...
The music of ancient Rome borrowed heavily from the music of the cultures that were conquered by the empire, including music of Greece, Egypt, and Persia. Music accompanied many areas of Roman life; including the military, entertainment in the Roman theater, religious ceremonies and practices, and almost all public/civic occasions. [26] [27]
The musica universalis (literally universal music), also called music of the spheres or harmony of the spheres, is a philosophical concept that regards proportions in the movements of celestial bodies—the Sun, Moon, and planets—as a form of music. The theory, originating in ancient Greece, was a tenet of Pythagoreanism, and was later ...