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The chief justice of the United States is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States and is the highest-ranking officer of the U.S. federal judiciary. Article II, Section 2, Clause 2 of the U.S. Constitution grants plenary power to the president of the United States to nominate, and, with the advice and consent of the United States Senate, appoint "Judges of the Supreme Court ...
John Glover Roberts Jr. (born January 27, 1955) is an American jurist serving since 2005 as the 17th chief justice of the United States.He has been described as having a moderate conservative judicial philosophy, though he is primarily an institutionalist.
Since the Supreme Court was established in 1789, 116 people have served on the Court. The length of service on the Court for the 107 non-incumbent justices ranges from William O. Douglas's 36 years, 209 days to John Rutledge's 1 year, 18 days as associate justice and, separated by a period of years off the Court, his 138 days as chief justice.
The chief justice always ranks first in the order of precedence—regardless of the length of their service. [172] The associate justices are then ranked by the length of their service. The chief justice sits in the center on the bench, or at the head of the table during conferences. The other justices are seated in order of seniority.
Shelby County v. Holder (2013): In a 5–4 decision delivered by Chief Justice Roberts, the Court held that section 4 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. § 10303), which provided a coverage formula for section 5 of the Voting Rights Act (52 U.S.C. § 10304), is unconstitutional. The latter section requires certain states and ...
The chief justice is the presiding member of a supreme court in many countries with a justice system based on English common law, such as the Supreme Court of Nepal the High Court of Australia, the Supreme Court of Canada, the Supreme Court of Bangladesh, the Supreme Court of Ghana, the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal, the Supreme Court of India, the Supreme Court of Ireland, the Supreme Court ...
[181] [c] He was sworn in by Justice Byron White in a ceremony initially scheduled for October 21, which was postponed because of the death of Chief Justice William Rehnquist's wife, Natalie. [183] [184] [185] His first set of law clerks included future judges Gregory Katsas and Gregory Maggs and U.S. Ambassador Christopher Landau. [186] [187]
While Chief Justice, Jay was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1790. [82] Jay served as Circuit Justice for the Eastern Circuit from the Spring of 1790, until the Spring of 1792. [83] He served as Circuit Justice for the Middle Circuit from the Spring of 1793, until the Spring of 1794. [83]