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In mathematics, the Laplace transform, named after Pierre-Simon Laplace (/ l ə ˈ p l ɑː s /), is an integral transform that converts a function of a real variable (usually , in the time domain) to a function of a complex variable (in the complex-valued frequency domain, also known as s-domain, or s-plane).
The unilateral Laplace transform takes as input a function whose time domain is the non-negative reals, which is why all of the time domain functions in the table below are multiples of the Heaviside step function, u(t). The entries of the table that involve a time delay τ are required to be causal (meaning that τ > 0).
ISBN 978-3-11-021530-4. (Chapter 1 Laplace transforms and completely monotone functions) D. V. Widder (1946). The Laplace Transform. Princeton University Press. See Chapter III The Moment Problem (pp. 100 - 143) and Chapter IV Absolutely and Completely Monotonic Functions (pp. 144 - 179). Milan Merkle (2014).
In the case of a boundary put at infinity with the boundary condition setting the solution to zero at infinity, then one has an infinite-extent Green's function. For the three-variable Laplace operator, one can for instance expand it in the rotationally invariant coordinate systems which allow separation of variables.
The Laplace transform is a frequency-domain approach for continuous time signals irrespective of whether the system is stable or unstable. The Laplace transform of a function f ( t ) , defined for all real numbers t ≥ 0 , is the function F ( s ) , which is a unilateral transform defined by
This extension of the Fourier transform to the complex domain is called the Fourier–Laplace transform. Schwartz's theorem — An entire function F {\displaystyle F} on C n {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} ^{n}} is the Fourier–Laplace transform of a distribution v {\displaystyle v} of compact support if and only if for all z ∈ C n {\displaystyle ...
Consider the following second-order problem, ′ + + = () =, where = {,, <is the Heaviside step function.The Laplace transform is defined by, = {()} = ().Upon taking term-by-term Laplace transforms, and utilising the rules for derivatives and integrals, the integro-differential equation is converted into the following algebraic equation,
The state-transition equation is defined as the solution of the linear homogeneous state equation. The linear time-invariant state equation given by = + + (), with state vector x, control vector u, vector w of additive disturbances, and fixed matrices A, B, E can be solved by using either the classical method of solving linear differential equations or the Laplace transform method.