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The biology of depression is the attempt to identify a biochemical origin of depression, as opposed to theories that emphasize psychological or situational causes. Scientific studies have found that different brain areas show altered activity in humans with major depressive disorder (MDD) . [ 1 ]
If you have low levels of dopamine, you might feel tired or unhappy, have low motivation, and could experience mood swings and concentration problems, the Cleveland Clinic says. High levels might ...
Atypical depression also often features significant weight gain or an increased appetite, hypersomnia, a heavy sensation in the limbs, and interpersonal rejection sensitivity that results in significant social or occupational impairment. [4] Despite its name, "atypical" depression does not mean it is uncommon or unusual. [5]
Depression is commonly attributed to a deficiency in monoamines, such as serotonin. The monoamine hypothesis of depression suggests that depression is primarily caused by a deficiency of several monoamines, namely serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine. [2] This hypothesis is widely accepted due to its simplicity. [3]
Concomitant use of SSRIs or SNRIs for depression with a triptan for migraine does not appear to heighten the risk of the serotonin syndrome. [120] Taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) in combination with SSRIs can be fatal, since MAOIs disrupt monoamine oxidase , an enzyme which is needed to break down serotonin and other neurotransmitters.
Despite its longstanding prominence in pharmaceutical advertising, the idea that low serotonin levels cause depression is not supported by scientific evidence. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ 14 ] One interpretation is that depression manifests due to an imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain, resulting in feelings of worthlessness and despair.
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