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In natural language processing, a word embedding is a representation of a word. The embedding is used in text analysis.Typically, the representation is a real-valued vector that encodes the meaning of the word in such a way that the words that are closer in the vector space are expected to be similar in meaning. [1]
State of the art embeddings are based on the learned hidden layer representation of dedicated sentence transformer models. BERT pioneered an approach involving the use of a dedicated [CLS] token prepended to the beginning of each sentence inputted into the model; the final hidden state vector of this token encodes information about the sentence ...
The difference model is a theory of gendered differences in language which sees men and women as inhabiting different 'sub-cultures', resulting in different genderlects (sociolects associated with gender). A major proponent of the model, Deborah Tannen, summarised these differences as contrasting conversational goals: men, she argues, tend ...
Notably, gender bias refers to the tendency of these models to produce outputs that are unfairly prejudiced towards one gender over another. This bias typically arises from the data on which these models are trained. Large language models often assign roles and characteristics based on traditional gender norms. [149]
Gender is used as a means of describing the distinction between the biological sex and socialized aspects of femininity and masculinity. [9] According to West and Zimmerman, gender is not a personal trait; it is "an emergent feature of social situations: both as an outcome of and a rationale for various social arrangements, and as a means of legitimating one of the most fundamental divisions ...
ELMo (embeddings from language model) is a word embedding method for representing a sequence of words as a corresponding sequence of vectors. [1] It was created by researchers at the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence , [ 2 ] and University of Washington and first released in February, 2018.
Social learning theorists, like Albert Bandura, suggest that adults not only provide models for children to imitate, but that they also are actively involved in influencing a child's gender-role identification. The Social learning theory proposes that gender-identities and gender-role preferences are acquired through two concepts.
As well as filling its initial purpose as an intervention for low-income adults deficient in social skills, Skillstreaming has been used with other populations. In the 1980s, Dr. Goldstein's skills training program, by that time known as Skillstreaming, was adapted to modify aggression and other problematic behaviors in adolescents, [ 8 ] [ 9 ...