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The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia or the dopamine hypothesis of psychosis is a model that attributes the positive symptoms of schizophrenia to a disturbed and hyperactive dopaminergic signal transduction. The model draws evidence from the observation that a large number of antipsychotics have dopamine-receptor antagonistic effects. The ...
Dopamine is a crucial neurotransmitter involved in our brain’s reward system. It plays a central role in motivation, as well as executive function (which includes attention, ...
[4] [19] [13] [12] Dopamine releasing agents like dextroamphetamine are able to rapidly increase striatal dopamine levels by 700 to 1,500% of baseline in rodents. [62] These drugs show greater magnitudes of impact on dopamine levels than do dopamine reuptake inhibitors like methylphenidate.
The reward system (the mesocorticolimbic circuit) is a group of neural structures responsible for incentive salience (i.e., "wanting"; desire or craving for a reward and motivation), associative learning (primarily positive reinforcement and classical conditioning), and positively-valenced emotions, particularly ones involving pleasure as a core component (e.g., joy, euphoria and ecstasy).
Dopamine, which plays a major role in schizophrenia, had been shown to regulate sensorimotor gating in rodent models. [ 28 ] [ 29 ] These findings fit to the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia . In theory, PPI disruption in schizophrenia may be related to the processes of sensory flooding and cognitive fragmentation.
Antipsychotic-specific modelling faces similar issues, one of which is that it is not useful for discovering drugs with unique mechanisms of action, while traditional medications for schizophrenia have generalized effects (blocking of dopamine receptors) that make it difficult to attribute outcomes to schizophrenia specifically. Developing ...
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