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If the lymph node or similar tissue is reactive, or otherwise benign, it should possess a mixture of kappa positive and lambda positive cells. If, however, one type of light chain is significantly more common than the other, the cells are likely all derived from a small clonal population, which may indicate a malignant condition, such as B-cell ...
The Lambda2 method, or Lambda2 vortex criterion, is a vortex core line detection algorithm that can adequately identify vortices from a three-dimensional fluid velocity field. [1] The Lambda2 method is Galilean invariant , which means it produces the same results when a uniform velocity field is added to the existing velocity field or when the ...
Type 2 inflammation is a pattern of immune response. Its physiological function is to defend the body against helminths , but a dysregulation of the type 2 inflammatory response has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several diseases.
CD163 (Cluster of Differentiation 163) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD163 gene. [5] CD163 is the high affinity scavenger receptor for the hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex [6] and in the absence of haptoglobin - with lower affinity - for hemoglobin alone. [7]
Two-component systems accomplish signal transduction through the phosphorylation of a response regulator (RR) by a histidine kinase (HK). Histidine kinases are typically homodimeric transmembrane proteins containing a histidine phosphotransfer domain and an ATP binding domain, though there are reported examples of histidine kinases in the atypical HWE and HisKA2 families that are not ...
It binds to ligand CD70, and plays a key role in regulating B-cell activation and immunoglobulin synthesis. [5] When CD27 binds CD70, a signaling cascade leads to the differentiation and clonal expansion of T cells. [11] The cascade also results in improved survival and memory of cytotoxic T cells and increased production of certain cytokines. [12]
Defects in the CD43 molecule are associated with the development of Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome. [8] It also appears in about 25% of intestinal MALTomas. [citation needed] Using immunohistochemistry, CD43 can be demonstrated in the paracortical T-cells of healthy lymph nodes and tonsils; it is also positive in a range of lymphoid and myeloid tumours.
Today CD133 is the most commonly used marker for isolation of cancer stem cell (CSC) population from different tumors, mainly from various gliomas and carcinomas. [16] Initial studies that showed ability of CD133-positive population to efficiently propagate tumor when injected into immune-compromised mice firstly were performed on brain tumors.