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Arora et al. (2016) [25] explain word2vec and related algorithms as performing inference for a simple generative model for text, which involves a random walk generation process based upon loglinear topic model. They use this to explain some properties of word embeddings, including their use to solve analogies.
In natural language processing, a word embedding is a representation of a word. The embedding is used in text analysis.Typically, the representation is a real-valued vector that encodes the meaning of the word in such a way that the words that are closer in the vector space are expected to be similar in meaning. [1]
[2] [5] The internal lexicon encompasses every learned word, even exception words like 'colonel' or 'pint' that don't follow letter-to-sound rules. This route doesn't enable reading of nonwords (e.g. 'zuce'), though some phonological output can still be produced by matching the word to an approximation in the lexicon (e.g. 'sare' activating ...
In the differential form formulation on arbitrary space times, F = 1 / 2 F αβ dx α ∧ dx β is the electromagnetic tensor considered as a 2-form, A = A α dx α is the potential 1-form, = is the current 3-form, d is the exterior derivative, and is the Hodge star on forms defined (up to its orientation, i.e. its sign) by the ...
struc2vec is a framework to generate node vector representations on a graph that preserve the structural identity. [1] In contrast to node2vec, that optimizes node embeddings so that nearby nodes in the graph have similar embedding, struc2vec captures the roles of nodes in a graph, even if structurally similar nodes are far apart in the graph.
In particle physics, the Dirac equation is a relativistic wave equation derived by British physicist Paul Dirac in 1928. In its free form, or including electromagnetic interactions, it describes all spin-1/2 massive particles, called "Dirac particles", such as electrons and quarks for which parity is a symmetry.
The term electronic refers to the fact that the optical frequencies in the visible spectral range are used to excite electronic energy states of the system; however, such a technique is also used in the IR optical range (excitation of vibrational states) and in this case the method is called two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy (2DIR). [2]
2) = 1 / 2 n(n − 1) dimensions, and allows one to interpret the differential of a 1-vector field as its infinitesimal rotations. Only in 3 dimensions (or trivially in 0 dimensions) we have n = 1 / 2 n(n − 1), which is the most elegant and common case. In 2 dimensions the curl of a vector field is not a vector field but a ...