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Lucinactant is listed as an Orphan Drug Product by the US Food and Drug Administration for several conditions: [9] [10] 07-30-1996 Treatment of meconium aspiration syndrome in newborn infants; 07-17-1995 Treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults. 05-23-2006 Prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants
Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), also known as surfactant deficiency disorder (SDD), [2] and previously called hyaline membrane disease (HMD), is a syndrome in premature infants caused by developmental insufficiency of pulmonary surfactant production and structural immaturity in the lungs.
Pulmonary surfactant is used as a medication to treat and prevent respiratory distress syndrome in newborn babies. [1] Prevention is generally done in babies born at a gestational age of less than 32 weeks. [1] It is given by the endotracheal tube. [1] Onset of effects is rapid. [2] A number of doses may be needed. [2]
Transient tachypnea of the newborn occurs in approximately 1 in 100 preterm infants and 3.6–5.7 per 1000 term infants. It is most common in infants born by caesarian section without a trial of labor after 35 weeks of gestation. Male infants and infants with an umbilical cord prolapse or perinatal asphyxia are at higher risk.
Mucoactive drugs include expectorants, mucolytics, mucoregulators, and mucokinetics. These medications are used in the treatment of respiratory diseases that are complicated by the oversecretion or inspissation of mucus. These drugs can be further categorized by their mechanism of action. [1] [2]
Compliance is the ability of lungs and thorax to expand. Lung compliance is defined as the volume change per unit of pressure change across the lung. Measurements of lung volume obtained during the controlled inflation/deflation of a normal lung show that the volumes obtained during deflation exceed those during inflation, at a given pressure.