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Short title: Author: Date and time of digitizing: 12:53, 19 January 2001: Software used: Adobe PageMaker 6.5: File change date and time: 07:32, 9 October 2008
Algebra is one of the main branches of mathematics, covering the study of structure, relation and quantity. Algebra studies the effects of adding and multiplying numbers , variables , and polynomials , along with their factorization and determining their roots .
[1] Elementary algebra, also known as high school algebra or college algebra, [2] encompasses the basic concepts of algebra. It is often contrasted with arithmetic : arithmetic deals with specified numbers , [ 3 ] whilst algebra introduces variables (quantities without fixed values).
In mathematics, an algebraic structure or algebraic system [1] consists of a nonempty set A (called the underlying set, carrier set or domain), a collection of operations on A (typically binary operations such as addition and multiplication), and a finite set of identities (known as axioms) that these operations must satisfy.
Block diagram illustrating the superposition principle and time invariance for a deterministic continuous-time single-input single-output system. The system satisfies the superposition principle and is time-invariant if and only if y 3 (t) = a 1 y 1 (t – t 0) + a 2 y 2 (t – t 0) for all time t, for all real constants a 1, a 2, t 0 and for all inputs x 1 (t), x 2 (t). [1]
The next extension gives the sedenions, which have zero divisors and so cannot be a normed division algebra. [8] The unit quaternions give a group structure on the 3-sphere S 3 isomorphic to the groups Spin(3) and SU(2), i.e. the universal cover group of SO(3). The positive and negative basis vectors form the eight-element quaternion group.
Algebra (from Arabic: الجبر, romanized: al-jabr, lit. 'reunion of broken parts, bonesetting') is one of the broad areas of mathematics. Roughly speaking, algebra is the study of mathematical symbols and the rules for manipulating these symbols. The following category includes articles about algebra.
The term "algebraic equation" dates from the time when the main problem of algebra was to solve univariate polynomial equations. This problem was completely solved during the 19th century; see Fundamental theorem of algebra, Abel–Ruffini theorem and Galois theory. Since then, the scope of algebra has been dramatically enlarged.