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A dipeptide has two amino acids. A tripeptide has three amino acids. A tetrapeptide has four amino acids. A pentapeptide has five amino acids. (e.g., enkephalin). A hexapeptide has six amino acids. (e.g., angiotensin IV). A heptapeptide has seven amino acids. (e.g., spinorphin). An octapeptide has eight amino acids (e.g., angiotensin II).
Osmoprotectants can be placed in three chemical classes: betaines and associated molecules, sugars and polyols, and amino acids. These molecules accumulate in cells and balance the osmotic difference between the cell's surroundings and the cytosol. [2] In plants, their accumulation can increase survival during stresses such as drought.
It was the first plant hormone proven to be a peptide. Systemin induces the production of protein defense compound called protease inhibitors. Systemin was first identified in tomato leaves. It was found to be an 18-amino acid peptide processed from the C-terminus of a 200-amino acid precursor, which is called prosystemin. [1]
Octreotide is used for the treatment of growth hormone producing tumors (acromegaly and gigantism), when surgery is contraindicated, pituitary tumors that secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropinoma), [citation needed] diarrhea and flushing episodes associated with carcinoid syndrome, and diarrhea in people with vasoactive intestinal peptide-secreting tumors ().
As such it is essential that these amino acids be supplied by the organism's diet. In case of humans there are 9 EAAs: histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. [1] EAAs are provided in both animal and plant-based food. The EAAs in plants vary greatly due to the vast variation in the ...
Non-protein amino acids (NPAAs) Nitrogen-containing 700 NPAAs are produced by specific plant families such as Leguminosae, Cucurbitaceae, Sapindaceae, Aceraceae and Hippocastanaceae. Examples: Azatyrosine, Canavanine: Amines: Nitrogen-containing 100 Cyanogenic glycosides: Nitrogen-containing 60 Amygdalin, Dhurrin, Linamarin, Lotaustralin, Prunasin
Octapeptide sharing sequence homology with HIV envelope protein gp120. It may be useful as antiviral agent in AIDS therapy. It may be useful as antiviral agent in AIDS therapy. The core pentapeptide sequence, TTNYT, consisting of amino acids 4-8 in peptide T, is the HIV envelope sequence required for attachment to the CD4 receptor.
N-acyl amides are a general class of endogenous fatty acid compounds characterized by a fatty acyl group linked to a primary amine metabolite by an amide bond. Broadly speaking, N-acyl amides fall into several categories: amino acid conjugates (e.g., N-arachidonoyl-glycine), neurotransmitter conjugates (e.g., N-arachidonoyl-serotonin), ethanolamine conjugates (e.g., anandamide), and taurine ...