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Short title: Author: Date and time of digitizing: 12:53, 19 January 2001: Software used: Adobe PageMaker 6.5: File change date and time: 07:32, 9 October 2008
Algebra is one of the main branches of mathematics, covering the study of structure, relation and quantity. Algebra studies the effects of adding and multiplying numbers , variables , and polynomials , along with their factorization and determining their roots .
[1] Elementary algebra, also known as high school algebra or college algebra, [2] encompasses the basic concepts of algebra. It is often contrasted with arithmetic : arithmetic deals with specified numbers , [ 3 ] whilst algebra introduces variables (quantities without fixed values).
In mathematics, more specifically algebra, abstract algebra or modern algebra is the study of algebraic structures, which are sets with specific operations acting on their elements. [1] Algebraic structures include groups , rings , fields , modules , vector spaces , lattices , and algebras over a field .
A multiple constrained problem could consider both the weight and volume of the books. (Solution: if any number of each book is available, then three yellow books and three grey books; if only the shown books are available, then all except for the green book.) The knapsack problem is the following problem in combinatorial optimization:
In mathematics, an algebraic structure or algebraic system [1] consists of a nonempty set A (called the underlying set, carrier set or domain), a collection of operations on A (typically binary operations such as addition and multiplication), and a finite set of identities (known as axioms) that these operations must satisfy.
When the characteristic of K is 2, so that 2 is not a unit, it is still possible to use a quadratic form to define a symmetric bilinear form B′(x, y) = Q(x + y) − Q(x) − Q(y). However, Q ( x ) can no longer be recovered from this B ′ in the same way, since B ′( x , x ) = 0 for all x (and is thus alternating). [ 8 ]
Algebraic geometry is the study of the solutions in an algebraically closed field of multivariate polynomial equations. Two equations are equivalent if they have the same set of solutions . In particular the equation P = Q {\displaystyle P=Q} is equivalent to P − Q = 0 {\displaystyle P-Q=0} .