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p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 4 (NH 2) 2. This derivative of aniline is a white solid, but samples can darken due to air oxidation. [1] It is mainly used as a component of engineering polymers and composites like kevlar. It is also an ingredient in hair dyes and is occasionally used as a substitute for ...
Esters: [2] Ethyl acetate is the most common ester in wine, being the product of the most common volatile organic acid — acetic acid, and the ethyl alcohol generated during the fermentation. Norisoprenoids, such as C13-norisoprenoids found in grape (Vitis vinifera) [8] or wine, [9] can be produced by fungal peroxidases [10] or glycosidases. [11]
Tannins are found in the skin, stems, and seeds of wine grapes but can also be introduced to the wine through the use of oak barrels and chips or with the addition of tannin powder. The natural tannins found in grapes are known as proanthocyanidins due to their ability to release red anthocyanin pigments when they are heated in an acidic solution.
Also known as "ethyl alcohol". The primary alcohol in wine and most other alcoholic beverages. The alcohol content of a wine contributes to its body. Extract Everything in a wine except for water, sugar, alcohol, and acidity, the term refers to the solid compounds such as tannins.
Phenylenediamine may refer to: o-phenylenediamine or OPD, a chemical compound C 6 H 4 (NH 2) 2; m-phenylenediamine or MPD, a chemical compound C 6 H 4 (NH 2) 2;
Congeners are the basis of alcohol congener analysis, a sub-discipline of forensic toxicology which determines what a person drank. There is some evidence that high-congener drinks induce more severe hangovers , [ 2 ] [ 3 ] but the effect is not well studied and is still secondary to the total amount of ethanol consumed.
Acid is widely used as a preservative. In red wine, Sulfurous anhydride or sulfur dioxide (SO2), in particular, is the most frequently used source. [4] Acid protects wine from bacteria by regulating the pH value, which affects the growth and vitality of yeast during fermentation. [2] Acidity also directly affects color, balance and taste. [2]
Orange wine – Amber wine gets its name from its deep orange color. This wine is made by leaving white wine grapes in contact with the skins, stems, and seeds during fermentation. [6] Red wine – A still wine with red to purple hues created by grape skin pigments, made from dark-colored grapes; Rosé – Rosé is a style of wine that is made ...