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This UART introduces the Auto-RTS and Auto-CTS features in which the RTS# signal is controlled by the UART to signal the external device to stop transmitting when the UART's buffer is full to or beyond a user-set trigger point and to stop transmitting to the device when the device drives the CTS# signal high (logic 0). 16550A
IEEE 802.11 RTS/CTS (request to send/clear to send) is the optional mechanism used by the 802.11 wireless networking protocol to reduce frame collisions introduced by the hidden node problem. Originally the protocol fixed the exposed node problem as well, but later RTS/CTS does not, but includes ACKs.
RTS/CTS (request to send/ clear to send) may refer to: Request to send and clear to send, flow control signals RS-232 RTS/CTS, today's [as of?] usual RS-232 hardware flow control; IEEE 802.11 RTS/CTS, wireless networking protocol flow control
Thus RS-232's use of the RTS and CTS signals, per the older versions of the standard, is asymmetric. This scheme is also employed in present-day RS-232 to RS-485 converters. RS-485 is a multiple-access bus on which only one device can transmit at a time, a concept that is not provided for in RS-232.
Thus alerting all nodes within range of the sender, receiver or both, to not transmit for the duration of the main transmission. This is known as the IEEE 802.11 RTS/CTS exchange. Implementation of RTS/CTS helps to partially solve the hidden node problem that is often found in wireless networking. [10] [11]
UARTs that lack such support, like the 16550, may suffer from buffer overruns when using software flow control, although this can be somewhat mitigated by disabling the UART's FIFO. [1] Finally, since the XOFF/XON codes are sent in-band, they cannot appear in the data being transmitted without being mistaken for flow control commands.