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Countries that primarily use a first-past-the-post voting system for national legislative elections. First-past-the-post (FPTP)—also called choose-one, first-preference plurality (FPP), or simply plurality—is a single-winner voting rule.
Until 2006, South Africa was the world's largest gold producer. In 2007, increasing production from other countries and declining production from South Africa meant that China became the largest producer, although no country has approached the scale of South Africa's period of peak production during the late 1960s and early 1970s.
The following is a list of countries by gold exports. Data is for 2018, in millions of United States dollars, as reported by The Observatory of Economic Complexity. [1] Currently twenty countries, as of 2018, are listed (their 2012 and 2016 figures are also provided). #
Global map of countries by tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, all products (%), 2021, according to World Bank. This is a list of countries by tariff rate. The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories based upon the ISO standard ISO 3166-1. Import duty refers to taxes levied on imported goods, capital and ...
World's gold from 1845 to 2013, in tonnes (metric tons in the U.S.) World's gold holdings per capita, in grams Gold holdings are the quantities of gold held by individuals, private corporations, or public entities as a store of value, an investment vehicle, or perceived as protection against hyperinflation and against financial and/or political upheavals.
Gold repatriation refers to plans of various governments to bring home their gold stored outside the home country. Many nations use foreign vaults for safe-keeping of part of their gold reserves . In 2014, there was a movement by some European states to return gold stored abroad back to the owner country.
] In Europe only Belarus and the United Kingdom use FPTP/SMP to elect the primary (lower) chamber of their legislature and France uses a two-round system (TRS). All other European countries either use proportional representation or use winner-take-all representation as part of a mixed-member winner-take-all system (Andorra, Italy, Hungary ...
In most countries capital gains tax applies when precious metals are sold at a profit. Some countries also apply value added tax to precious metals. In the European Union, the trading of recognized gold coins and bullion products is VAT exempt, but no such allowance is given to silver. Elsewhere in Europe though, Norway has exempted both gold ...