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Doppler measurements which trace the echoes of the generated soundwaves received by the probe, enable the direction and velocity of the blood flow to be depicted. The overlay of color onto the Doppler information lets these images be seen more clearly. [8] The choice of a probe will depend on the depth needed to be studied.
Unlike arterial ultrasonography, venous ultrasonography is carried out with the probe in a transversal position, (perpendicular to the vein axis), displaying cross-sections of the veins. [4] All collateral veins are better detected this way, including perforator veins, but of most importance is the detection of venous thrombosis.
Absence of the portal system in a first trimester case associated with hygroma and aorto-umbilical fistula. (A): Transverse plane of the upper abdomen with color Doppler applied, showing umbilical cord insertion, stomach, the prominent hepatic artery and no afferent liver venous perfusion; (B): midsagittal plane reconstructed from a three-dimensional volume acquisition were the crown-rump ...
Bruit, also called vascular murmur, [3] is the abnormal sound generated by turbulent flow of blood in an artery due to either an area of partial obstruction or a localized high rate of blood flow through an unobstructed artery.
Lower limb venography is indicated in deep vein thrombosis, oedema with unknown cause, and congenital abnormality of the venous system. Less frequently it is used to demonstrate the incompetent valves of perforating veins. Doppler ultrasound is preferable rather than venography to access the competence of the veins.
A carotid bruit is a vascular murmur sound heard ... the term bruit is generally reserved for arterial sounds in North America. [4] References
Doppler examination shows the lack of vessels within the lesion. CEUS exploration shows hyperenhancement during arterial phase close to the lesion, this being suggestive of a liver parenchymal hyperemia. During venous and sinusoidal phase the pattern is hypoechoic, and the central fluid is contrast enhanced.
Cannon A wave. Cannon A waves, or cannon atrial waves, are waves seen occasionally in the jugular vein of humans with certain cardiac arrhythmias.When the atria and ventricles happen to contract simultaneously, the right atrium contracts against a closed tricuspid valve, resulting in back pressure into the venous system that can be seen in the jugular venous pulse as a high-amplitude "cannon ...