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The effects of climate change on plant biodiversity can be predicted by using various models, for example bioclimatic models. [5] [6] Habitats may change due to climate change. This can cause non-native plants and pests to impact native vegetation diversity. [7]
Throughout their lifespan, trees continue to sequester carbon, storing atmospheric CO 2 long-term. [27] Sustainable forest management, afforestation, reforestation are therefore important contributions to climate change mitigation. An important consideration in such efforts is that forests can turn from sinks to carbon sources.
Deforestation is a primary contributor to climate change, [1] [2] and climate change affects the health of forests. [3] Land use change , especially in the form of deforestation, is the second largest source of carbon dioxide emissions from human activities, after the burning of fossil fuels .
Three important purposes of reforestation programs are for harvesting of wood, for climate change mitigation, and for ecosystem and habitat restoration purposes. One method of reforestation is to establish tree plantations, also called plantation forests. They cover about 131 million ha worldwide, which is 3% of the global forest area and 45% ...
Land-use change can be a factor in CO 2 (carbon dioxide) atmospheric concentration, and is thus a contributor to global climate change. [14] IPCC estimates that land-use change (e.g. conversion of forest into agricultural land) contributes a net 1.6 ± 0.8 Gt carbon per year to the atmosphere.
The change was abrupt, specifically, at this time climate became cooler and drier, conditions that are not favorable to the growth of rainforests and much of the biodiversity within them. Rainforests were fragmented forming shrinking 'islands' further and further apart.
Furthermore, climate change may disrupt the ecology among interacting species, via changes on behaviour and phenology, or via climate niche mismatch. [9] The disruption of species-species associations is a potential consequence of climate-driven movements of each individual species in opposite directions.
When estimating the effect of climate change on species' extinction risk, the report concluded that global warming of 2 °C (3.6 °F) over the preindustrial levels would threaten an estimated 5% of the Earth's species with extinction even in the absence of any other factors like land use change. If the warming reached 4.3 °C (7.7 °F), they ...