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All PDE5 inhibitors are generally well tolerated. [1] The occurrence of side effects, or adverse drug reactions (ADRs), with PDE5 inhibitors depends on the dose and type of agent. [1] Headache is a very common ADR, occurring in >10% of patients. Other common ADRs include: dizziness, flushing, dyspepsia, nasal congestion or rhinitis. [6]
The major PDE5 inhibitors (a subset of the phosphodiesterase inhibitors) are sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, and avanafil, and although all share the same mechanism of action each has unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties which dictate their suitability in various conditions and their side effect profile. [3]
Phosphodiesterase-5. A phosphodiesterase inhibitor is a drug that blocks one or more of the five subtypes of the enzyme phosphodiesterase (PDE), thereby preventing the inactivation of the intracellular second messengers, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) by the respective PDE subtype(s).
The most commonly available PDE5 inhibitors are sildenafil (Viagra), [14] vardenafil (Levitra), [15] tadalafil (Cialis), [16] and avanafil (Stendra). [17] PDE5 inhibitors are not routinely prescribed as first line treatment for erectile dysfunction. This is as they cause unwanted side effects like hair loss, headache, and nausea (among others ...
The most common effects when taking dapoxetine are nausea, dizziness, dry mouth, headache, diarrhea, and insomnia. [16] [17] Discontinuation rates due to adverse effects and costs are very high, as demonstrated in a study in Asia which showed that cumulative discontinuation rates within one year are as high as 87%. [18]
More research is needed on Ozempic long-term side effects. Some severe side effects with long-term consequences may include pancreatitis, acute kidney injury, gallstones, gallbladder disease ...
Common side effects include headache, low blood pressure with standing, blurry vision, and skin flushing. [2] Serious side effects may include low blood pressure especially if also exposed to PDE5 inhibitors such as sildenafil. [2] Use is not recommended in pregnancy. [3] It is believed to work by relaxing smooth muscle within blood vessels. [2]
Dipyridamole (trademarked as Persantine and others) is an antiplatelet drug of the nucleoside transport inhibitor and PDE3 inhibitor class that inhibits blood clot formation when given chronically and causes blood vessel dilation when given at high doses over a short time.