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The UK's first nuclear test, Operation Hurricane, was in the Montebello Islands of Western Australia. [89] It was followed by the first nuclear tests on the Australian mainland, which were conducted at Emu Field in the Great Victoria Desert in South Australia as part of Operation Totem on 14 and 26 October 1953. [304]
As of 1993, worldwide, 520 atmospheric nuclear explosions (including eight underwater) have been conducted with a total yield of 545 megatons (Mt): 217 Mt from pure fission and 328 Mt from bombs using fusion, while the estimated number of underground nuclear tests conducted in the period from 1957 to 1992 is 1,352 explosions with a total yield ...
To test the effects of a ship-smuggled atomic bomb on a port (a threat of great concern to the British at the time), the bomb was exploded inside the hull of Plym, anchored 350 metres (1,150 ft) off Trimouille Island. The explosion occurred 2.7 metres (8 ft 10 in) below the water line and left a saucer-shaped crater on the seabed 6 metres (20 ...
Kokatha and Nukunu artist Yhonnie Scarce has created at least two major works representing the nuclear tests and the effects on her people. The work Thunder Raining Poison (2015) [187] was created from more than 2,000 hand-blown glass yams, and references the impact of the nuclear tests on local Aboriginal communities. [188]
Operation Grapple was a set of four series of British nuclear weapons tests of early atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs carried out in 1957 and 1958 at Malden Island and Kiritimati (Christmas Island) in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands in the Pacific Ocean (modern Kiribati) as part of the British hydrogen bomb programme.
The Official History of the UK Strategic Nuclear Deterrent: Volume II: The Labour Government and the Polaris Programme, 1964-1970 (Taylor & Francis, 2017). Salisbury, Daniel. Secrecy, Public Relations and the British Nuclear Debate: How the UK Government Learned to Talk about the Bomb, 1970-83 (Routledge, 2020).
Nuclear weapons testing did not produce scenarios like nuclear winter as a result of a scenario of a concentrated number of nuclear explosions in a nuclear holocaust, but the thousands of tests, hundreds being atmospheric, did nevertheless produce a global fallout that peaked in 1963 (the bomb pulse), reaching levels of about 0.15 mSv per year ...
In 1952, the United Kingdom was the third country to develop and test nuclear weapons, after the United States and Soviet Union. [1] and is one of the five nuclear-weapon states under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. [2] The UK initiated a nuclear weapons programme, codenamed Tube Alloys, during the Second World War. [3]