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The Borate Minerals are minerals which contain a borate anion group. The borate (BO 3 ) units may be polymerised similar to the SiO 4 unit of the silicate mineral class. This results in B 2 O 5 , B 3 O 6 , B 2 O 4 anions as well as more complex structures which include hydroxide or halogen anions. [ 2 ]
Borate ions occur, alone or with other anions, in many borate and borosilicate minerals such as borax, boracite, ulexite (boronatrocalcite) and colemanite. Borates also occur in seawater, where they make an important contribution to the absorption of low frequency sound in seawater. [1] Borates also occur in plants, including almost all fruits. [2]
Borax (Na 2 B 4 O 5 (OH) 4 · 8 H 2 O [2]) is a borate mineral found in evaporite deposits of alkaline lacustrine environments and as a surface efflorescence in arid regions. It is the chief mineral mined from the deposits at Boron, California and nearby locations, and is the chief source of commercial borax.
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Borax as a source of borate has been used to take advantage of the co-complexing ability of borate with other agents in water to form complex ions with various substances. Borate and a suitable polymer bed are used to chromatograph non- glycated hemoglobin differentially from glycated hemoglobin (chiefly HbA1c ), which is an indicator of long ...
Calcium borate (Ca 3 (BO 3) 2). It can be prepared by reacting calcium metal with boric acid. The resulting precipitate is calcium borate. A hydrated form occurs naturally as the minerals colemanite, nobleite and priceite. [citation needed] One of its uses is as a binder in some grades of hexagonal boron nitride for hot pressing.
Boracite is a magnesium borate mineral with formula: Mg 3 B 7 O 13 Cl. It occurs as blue green, colorless, gray, yellow to white crystals in the orthorhombic - pyramidal crystal system . Boracite also shows pseudo-isometric cubical and octahedral forms.
A number of countries have created their own national standards and certifying bodies for organic aquaculture. While there is not simply one international organic aquaculture standardization process, one of the largest certification organizations is the Global Trust, [9] which delivers assessments and certifications to match the highest quality organic aquaculture standards.