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France started to send ships to Morocco in 1555, under the rule of Henry II, son of Francis I. [5] France, under Henry III, established a Consul in Fes, Morocco, as early as 1577, in the person of Guillaume Bérard, and was the first European country to do so. [6] [7] Under Henry, France named Guillaume Bérard as
The French protectorate in Morocco, [4] also known as French Morocco, was the period of French colonial rule in Morocco that lasted from 1912 to 1956. [5] The protectorate was officially established 30 March 1912, when Sultan Abd al-Hafid signed the Treaty of Fez, though the French military occupation of Morocco had begun with the invasion of Oujda and the bombardment of Casablanca in 1907.
A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-33767-0. Adam, André (1968). Histoire de Casablanca, des origines à 1914 (in French). Éditions Ophrys. Aldrich, Robert (1996). Greater France: A History of French Overseas Expansion. Macmillan Education UK. ISBN 978-0-333-56740-1.
The independence of Morocco was guaranteed at the Conference of Madrid in 1880, [122] with France also gaining significant influence over Morocco. Germany attempted to counter the growing French influence, leading to the First Moroccan Crisis of 1905–1906, and the Second Moroccan Crisis of 1911.
The Treaty of Fes (Arabic: معاهدة فاس, French: Traité de Fès), officially the Treaty Concluded Between France and Morocco on 30 March 1912, for the Organization of the French Protectorate in the Sharifian Empire (French: Traité conclu entre la France et le Maroc le 30 mars 1912, pour l'organisation du protectorat français dans l'Empire chérifien), [2] was a treaty signed by ...
The French protectorate of Tunisia was established in 1881, following a swift military invasion, [3] and the French protectorate in Morocco in 1912, following a prolonged military campaign. These lasted until 1956 when both protectorates gained full independence, Tunisia on 20 March and Morocco on 7 April.
The principal cause of war was the retreat of Algerian resistance leader Abd al-Kader into Morocco following French victories over many of his tribal supporters during the French conquest of Algeria and the refusal of the Sultan of Morocco Moulay Abd al-Rahman to abandon the cause of Abd al-Kader against colonial occupation. [1] [2]
Morocco's strategic location near the mouth of the Mediterranean drew renewed European interest; in 1912, France and Spain divided the country into respective protectorates, reserving an international zone in Tangier. Following intermittent riots and revolts against colonial rule, in 1956, Morocco regained its independence and reunified.