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A rudder operates by redirecting the fluid past the hull or fuselage, thus imparting a turning or yawing motion to the craft. In basic form, a rudder is a flat plane or sheet of material attached with hinges to the craft's stern, tail, or afterend. Often rudders are shaped to minimize hydrodynamic or aerodynamic drag.
The rudder may also be called upon to counter-act the adverse yaw produced by the roll-control surfaces. If rudder is continuously applied in level flight the aircraft will yaw initially in the direction of the applied rudder – the primary effect of rudder. After a few seconds the aircraft will tend to bank in the direction of yaw.
A fault with the rudder travel limiter was involved in the crash of Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501. The design of the rudder travel limiter on the Airbus A300-600 was cited as a contributing factor to the crash of American Airlines Flight 587. In addition to a low rudder pedal sensitivity compared to other aircraft, the A300-600 had a variable ...
Rudder pedals, or the earlier, pre-1919 "rudder bar", control yaw by moving the rudder; the left foot forward will move the rudder left for instance. Thrust lever or throttle, which controls engine speed or thrust for powered aircraft. The control yokes also vary greatly among aircraft. There are yokes where roll is controlled by rotating the ...
The rudder motions produced by the yaw damper act to calm the aircraft, assisting the flight crew in maintaining stable flight. [2] The purpose of the yaw damper is to make an aircraft easier to fly by eliminating the necessity for the pilot to act against such tendencies. [1]
A rudder pedal is a foot-operated aircraft flight control interface for controlling the rudder of an aircraft. [1] [2] The usual set-up in modern aircraft is that each pilot has a pedal set consisting of a pair of pedals, with one pedal for each foot. Each right and left pedal works together so that one pedal pops out when the other is ...
The rudder is the directional control surface and is usually hinged to the fin or vertical stabilizer. Moving it allows the pilot to control yaw about the vertical axis, i.e., change the horizontal direction in which the nose is pointing. Maximum rudder deflection is usually controlled by a rudder travel limiter.
A balanced rudder is a rudder in which the axis of rotation of the rudder is behind its front edge. This means that when the rudder is turned, the pressure of water caused by the ship's movement through the water acts upon the forward part to exert a force which increases the angle of deflection, so counteracting the pressure acting on the after part, which acts to reduce the angle of deflection.