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The prognosis for any individual with PFBC is variable and hard to predict. There is no reliable correlation between age, extent of calcium deposits in the brain, and neurological deficit. Since the appearance of calcification is age-dependent, a CT scan could be negative in a gene carrier who is younger than the age of 55. [30]
Neurologic symptoms and signs vary depending on the site of the brain abnormalities. Common symptoms are partial epilepsy, asymmetric spasticity, ataxia and cognitive impairment. [1] [2] [3] The latter affects visuospatial and visuoconstructive skills first. The intracranial pressure can be elevated if cysts develop in the brain.
As a result, women tend to manifest symptoms of cognitive decline at lower thresholds than men do. [107] This effect seems to be moderated by educational attainment - higher education is associated with later diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment as neuropathological load increases. [ 108 ]
Some plaques occur in the brain as a result of aging, but large numbers of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are characteristic features of Alzheimer's disease. [5] The plaques are highly variable in shape and size; in tissue sections immunostained for Aβ, they comprise a log-normal size distribution curve, with an average plaque area of 400 ...
Combinations of brain pathology, and their correlation with cognitive impairment over time. Note that the combination of AD+LATE is the most common and most severe. The term dementia refers to a clinical syndrome, rather than a particular disease process – it can be caused by many different subtypes of brain disease, which often occur in ...
“Estrogen, particularly estradiol, the strongest form, plays a critical role in the brain’s health and functionality, earning it the title of the ‘master regulator’ of women’s brain health.
Treatment is supportive and focused on improving symptoms: Dystonia is a common debilitating symptom and can be managed with oral medications, and sometimes with deep-brain electrical stimulation, therapy support for walking, eating, and manual tasks is essential. Later, in many of the diseases, slowing and stopping of movement (known as ...
Neuroferritinopathy was originally described with hallmark features of neurodegeneration and iron accumulation in the brain, leading it to be classified with other neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) disorders which share similar symptoms and imaging findings. Over time single-gene causes have been found for many NBIA ...