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  2. Method of characteristics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_of_characteristics

    Characteristics are also a powerful tool for gaining qualitative insight into a PDE. One can use the crossings of the characteristics to find shock waves for potential flow in a compressible fluid. Intuitively, we can think of each characteristic line implying a solution to along itself. Thus, when two characteristics cross, the function ...

  3. Spray nozzle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_nozzle

    New York, 1890–1930 Example of a vintage atomizer nozzle Principle of operation of an atomizer. A spray nozzle or atomizer is a device that facilitates the dispersion of a liquid by the formation of a spray. The production of a spray requires the fragmentation of liquid structures, such as liquid sheets or ligaments, into droplets, often by ...

  4. Characteristic equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic_equation

    Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects Wikidata item; ... Method of characteristics, a technique for solving partial differential equations; See also

  5. Nozzle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nozzle

    A nozzle is a device designed to control the direction or characteristics of a fluid flow (specially to increase velocity) as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe. A nozzle is often a pipe or tube of varying cross sectional area, and it can be used to direct or modify the flow of a fluid (liquid or gas). Nozzles are frequently used ...

  6. Plug nozzle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug_nozzle

    Typical plug-nozzle garden sprayer with a trigger-pull lever (at the back) to control the position of the plug and valve. Common garden hose trigger nozzles are a simple example of the plug nozzle and its method of operation. In this example the nozzle consists of a conical or bell shaped opening with a plug on a movable rod positioned in front ...

  7. Nozzle and flapper - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nozzle_and_flapper

    The example shown is pneumatic. At sub-millimeter distances, a small movement of the flapper plate results in a large change in flow. The nozzle is fed from a chamber which is in turn fed by a restriction, so changes of flow result in changes of chamber pressure. The nozzle diameter must be larger than the restriction orifice in order to work. [2]

  8. Spray (liquid drop) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_(liquid_drop)

    Spray atomization can be formed by several methods. The most common method is through a spray nozzle which typically has a fluid passage that is acted upon by different mechanical forces that atomize the liquid. [3] The first atomization nozzle was invented by Thomas A. DeVilbiss of Toledo, Ohio in the late 1800s. His invention was a bulb ...

  9. K-factor (fire protection) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-factor_(fire_protection)

    In fire protection engineering, the K-factor formula is used to calculate the volumetric flow rate from a nozzle. Spray nozzles can for example be fire sprinklers or water mist nozzles, hose reel nozzles, water monitors and deluge fire system nozzles.