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This Hallowed Ground: The Story of the Union Side of the Civil War. Doubleday. ISBN 1-85326-696-5. LCCN 56-5960. Coombe, Jack D., Gunfire Around the Gulf: The Last Major Naval Campaigns of the Civil War, Bantam Books, 1999, ISBN 0-553-10731-3; Craven, Avery, The Coming of the Civil War, University of Chicago Press, 1957, ISBN 0-226-11894-0
The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union [e] ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), which was formed in 1861 by states that had seceded from the Union.
Confederate General Robert E. Lee issued his Farewell Address, also known as General Order No. 9, to his Army of Northern Virginia on April 10, 1865, the day after he surrendered to Union Army Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant. Lee's surrender was instrumental in bringing about the end of the American Civil War.
The American Civil War did not have a clear ending, but by the beginning of April 1865 it was obvious that the Union had won. Richmond fell on April 2. Richmond fell on April 2. The Army of Northern Virginia surrendered to General Ulysses Grant at Appomatox Court House on April 9, 1865.
On Nov. 19, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln delivered his historic Gettysburg Address at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Pennsylvania.
He and the Union Army's commander, Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, believed that the Civil War would come to an end only if the Confederacy's strategic capacity for warfare could be decisively broken. [10] Sherman therefore planned an operation that has been compared to the modern principles of scorched earth warfare. Although his formal orders ...
Before the American Civil War, the United States was known as the "United States' federal union", a union of states controlled by the federal government in Washington, D.C. [8] [9] This was opposite to the CSA's first government, a confederation of independent states, functioning similarly to the European Union.
The final campaign for Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the Confederate States, began when the Union Army of the Potomac crossed the James River in June 1864. The armies under the command of Lieutenant General and General in Chief Ulysses S. Grant (1822–1885) laid siege to Petersburg, south of Richmond, intending to cut the two cities' supply lines and force the Confederates to evacuate.