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Although American brewed beers tend to use a cleaner yeast, and American two row malt, it is particularly the American hops that distinguish an APA from British or European pale ales. [3] The style is close to the American India Pale Ale (IPA), and boundaries blur, [4] though IPAs are stronger and more assertively hopped. [5]
India pale ale, commonly shortened to IPA, is a hoppy pale ale which was originally shipped to colonial India. Its high hop content prevented spoilage during the long sea course from England to India. IPA is full bodied and hoppy, it is amber coloured and usually somewhat opaque. The ABV of IPA can fall within the range of 4.5–20%. [27]
Many beer styles are classified as one of two main types, ales and lagers, though certain styles may not be easily sorted into either category.Beers classified as ales are typically made with yeasts that ferment at warmer temperatures, usually between 15.5 and 24 °C (60 and 75 °F), and form a layer of foam on the surface of the fermenting beer, thus they are called top-fermenting yeasts.
Pale lager is a very pale to golden-coloured lager with a well attenuated body and noble hop bitterness. The brewing process for this beer developed in the mid 19th century when Gabriel Sedlmayr took pale ale brewing techniques back to the Spaten Brewery in Germany and applied it to existing lagering brewing methods. [16]
The yeast was kept by the farmers themselves between brews. If a farmer had a brew go sour, or found that the yeast in any way had gone bad or died, they were supplied with new, healthy yeast from a neighboring farm. As farming was modernized and beer became commercially available, most farmhouse brewing died out and the yeast cultures with it.
For example, in beer-making, a simple pale ale might contain a single malted grain, while a complex porter may contain a dozen or more ingredients. In whisky production, Bourbon uses a mash made primarily from maize (often mixed with rye or wheat and a small amount of malted barley ), and single malt Scotch exclusively uses malted barley.