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A modifier letter, in the Unicode Standard, is a letter or symbol typically written next to another letter that it modifies in some way. They generally function like diacritics , changing the sound-values of the letter it is next to (usually the letter preceding it but sometimes the following letter instead).
Modifier h with hook breathy/ voiced aspiration ̤: Equivalent on the IPA ˀ: Modifier glottal stop creaky voice/ glottalization ̰: Equivalent on the IPA ̴: Combining middle tilde velarization ˠ: Equivalent on the IPA ˉ , ˗ , ˍ Modifier high, mid and low macron behind high, mid and low-level tone or intonation removed ˭ , ₌
Spacing Modifier Letters is a Unicode block containing characters for the IPA, UPA, and other phonetic transcriptions. Included are the IPA tone marks, and modifiers for aspiration and palatalization .
Finally, these phonetic alphabets make use of modifier letters, that are specially constructed for phonetic meaning. A "modifier letter" is strictly intended not as an independent grapheme but as a modification of the preceding character [ 1 ] resulting in a distinct grapheme, notably in the context of the International Phonetic Alphabet.
The table below shows the consonant letters (in combination with inherent vowel a) and their arrangement. To the right of the Devanāgarī letter it shows the Latin script transliteration using International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration, [53] and the phonetic value in Hindi. [54] [55]
The colon alphabetic letter ꞉ is used in a number of languages and phonetic transcription systems, for vowel length in Americanist Phonetic Notation, for the vowels a꞉ [ɛ] and o꞉ [ɔ] in a number of languages of Delhi, India, and for grammatical tone in several languages of Africa.
Devanagari is a Unicode block containing characters for writing languages such as Hindi, Marathi, Bodo, Maithili, Sindhi, Nepali, and Sanskrit, among others.In its original incarnation, the code points U+0900..U+0954 were a direct copy of the characters A0-F4 from the 1988 ISCII standard.
A is a vowel of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, A is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter after having gone through the Gupta letter .Bare consonants without a modifying vowel sign have the "A" vowel inherently, and thus there is no modifier sign for "A" in Indic scripts.